An increase in thyroid cancer cases is being observed worldwide. However, experts say the main reasons are advanced medical tests, improved screening, and increased public awareness rather than an actual rise in the severity of the disease. The encouraging news is that thyroid cancer is treatable if diagnosed early.
The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland located at the front of the neck that controls the body’s metabolism, heart rate, and temperature. Abnormal growth of its cells can develop into cancer.
According to medical experts, thyroid cancer is among the diseases where timely diagnosis can restore life to a completely normal state.
Seven major risk factors for thyroid cancer:
Previous exposure to radiation:
Exposure to radiation on the head, neck, or chest during childhood is considered the strongest risk factor, especially if it occurred during treatment for another illness.
Family history and genetic disorders:
The risk increases if there is a history of thyroid cancer in the family. Certain inherited diseases can also contribute to its development.
Women and hormonal factors:
This cancer is more common in women than in men, particularly between the ages of 30 and 60.
Iodine deficiency:
Long term iodine deficiency can increase the risk of thyroid disorders and cancer. Experts recommend the proper use of iodized salt.
Pre existing thyroid nodules or swelling:
If there is an old or growing lump in the neck, medical evaluation is necessary, as some nodules can turn cancerous.
Obesity and unhealthy lifestyle:
Obesity, lack of physical activity, and an unbalanced diet are linked to an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
Age and environmental factors:
The disease can occur at any age but is more commonly seen in young and middle aged individuals. Environmental pollution is also considered a possible contributing factor.
When to consult a doctor?
If a new or growing lump in the neck, persistent hoarseness, or difficulty in swallowing or breathing is noticed, immediate medical examination should be sought.
Experts say that thyroid cancer is one of the most treatable cancers when diagnosed early, and awareness of its symptoms and risk factors remains the best form of protection.
