Waking up suddenly because of a painful leg cramp can be an unpleasant experience. Night leg cramps are sudden, involuntary tightening of muscles that occur during sleep. They most commonly affect the calf, although the feet and thighs can also be involved.
What Causes Night Leg Cramps?
In many cases, the exact cause is unknown. Mayo Clinic notes that tired muscles and nerve problems may play a role. Dehydration, low physical activity, muscle fatigue and pregnancy can also be associated with nighttime cramps.
Certain medical conditions, including diabetes, thyroid problems, kidney disease and circulation problems, may also be linked to muscle cramps. Some medicines can contribute as well.
What Can You Do When a Cramp Starts?
When a cramp occurs, gently stretching the affected muscle may help. For a calf cramp, stretching the leg and pulling the foot upward toward the face can help relax the muscle. Walking or gently shaking the leg may also provide relief.
How Can You Prevent Them?
Staying adequately hydrated and stretching your leg muscles before bedtime may help reduce the risk. Light activity before bed, such as riding a stationary bicycle for a few minutes, may also be helpful.
Most nighttime leg cramps are harmless. However, frequent cramps that disturb sleep, severe pain, swelling, weakness or persistent symptoms should be discussed with a healthcare professional.
