A new large-scale study published in Neurology has raised serious concerns about the safety of artificial sweeteners. Researchers have found that six commonly used low- or no-calorie sweeteners may accelerate brain aging and cognitive decline.
Faster Memory and Thinking Decline Observed
The study, conducted by researchers at the University of São Paulo Medical School in Brazil, analyzed data from more than 12,700 adults aged around 52. Over an eight-year period, participants who consumed the highest amounts of artificial sweeteners showed signs of 1.6 years of additional brain aging compared to those who consumed less.
According to the findings, people who drank the equivalent of one can of diet soda per day experienced a 62% faster decline in memory and thinking and a 173% faster decline in verbal fluency.
Six Sweeteners Linked to Cognitive Decline
Out of seven popular sweeteners studied, six were strongly linked to faster brain aging:
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Aspartame
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Saccharin
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Xylitol
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Erythritol
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Sorbitol
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Acesulfame K
Only tagatose showed no association with cognitive decline.
Possible Role of Gut Health and Inflammation
Experts believe that artificial sweeteners may disrupt the gut microbiome, triggering inflammation that negatively affects the brain. Neurologist Dr. David Perlmutter explained that such changes can push brain immune cells, known as microglia, into a damaging inflammatory state, potentially increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Younger Adults and Diabetics Most at Risk
The study noted that the link between sweetener consumption and brain aging was strongest among people under 60, and even more pronounced in diabetics.
“Diabetes already creates an inflammatory environment in the body,” said Dr. Perlmutter. “Adding artificial sweeteners can worsen that process, potentially speeding up cognitive decline.”
Experts Urge Caution
While the study does not establish direct causation, researchers advise caution in regular use of artificial sweeteners. Instead of relying on sugar substitutes, experts recommend focusing on fiber-rich, whole foods that support both gut and brain health.
Natural options like stevia and tagatose may offer safer alternatives.
“The best strategy is not to replace sugar with sweeteners,” said lead author Dr. Claudia Kimie Suemoto, “but to reduce sweet cravings altogether.”
